SectionⅡ Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark ［A］,［B］,［C］ or ［D］ on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Each company has many“publics”who should be able not only to recognize its name 21 to correctly identify its industry and its 22 .These publics include present customers and stockholders as well as banks,insurance companies,stockbrokers,and securities 23 who supply the company with essential services and capital.
The 24 established companies can be one of misinformation, thereby 25 —a company with sales of ＄128 million a year. At first 26 , the company’s name tells us that it is located in Michigan 27 ’s 31 ,which operated 32 their own names and were not clearly identified with the 33 company. that it manufactures seamless tubing.What the name does not 28 to most people is the fact Michigan Seamless Tube also has operations in five 29 states and has a varied production line of forgings,broaching machines,tools,and steel bars in addition to seamless tubing.The problem was 30 by the company communication with them. This was the problem that faced Michigan Seamless Tube Company names of many well
Customers,suppliers,and the financial community did not see Michigan Seamless Tube as a 34 based metal producer.They perceived it only as a small, 35 ,regional manufacturing company. The company’s 36 decided to adopt a new corporate identity.
The 37 —a name 40 “quality”and the first three letters of the Latin word “nex”,which means connection. from a combination of the first three letters of the word point for this change was the company name.The new name had to be one that could encompass all of the company’s products and subsidiaries,a name that would correctly project the image of a 38 corporation.After considering many different possibilities, management decided on a 39 word:Quanex
21.［A］and ［B］but ［C］however ［D］either
22.［A］production ［B］product ［C］producing ［D］by-product
23.［A］analytical ［B］analyst ［C］analysis ［D］analysts
24.［A］business ［B］co-operation ［C］incorporate ［D］corporate
25.［A］limiting ［B］limits ［C］limit ［D］limited
26.［A］glance ［B］view ［C］watch ［D］consideration
27.［A］and ［B］but ［C］so ［D］however
28.［A］pass ［B］transfer ［C］convey ［D］transmit
29.［A］else ［B］others ［C］other ［D］rest
30.［A］decreased ［B］increasingly ［C］increased ［D］compounded
31.［A］headquarters ［B］plants ［C］agents ［D］subsidiaries
32.［A］in ［B］under ［C］with ［D］have
33.［A］parent ［B］mother ［C］head office ［D］original
34.［A］broadly ［B］sizably ［C］competitively ［D］largely
35.［A］specialized ［B］special ［C］specialty ［D］specialization
36.［A］managements ［B］managerial ［C］managers ［D］management
37.［A］first ［B］start ［C］begin ［D］starting
38.［A］diversification ［B］diversifying ［C］diversify ［D］diversified
39.［A］created ［B］coined ［C］made ［D］imagined
40.［A］resulted ［B］compounded ［C］derived ［D］changed
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］,［B］,［C］ or ［D］. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
When the vote was finally taken,it was 3:45 in the morning. After six months of arguing and the final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wished to die.The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10.Almost at the same time word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.He sent it on through the group’s online service,Death Net.Hofsess said:“We posted bulletins all day long,because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia.It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathed sighs of relief;others,including churches,righttolive groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population,lifeextending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In America and Canada,where the righttodie movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a “cooling off” period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request. 48 hours later, the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a 54yearold Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I am afraid of is how I’d go,because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.” he says.
41.From the second paragraph we learn that .
［A］the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries
［B］physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia
［C］technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law
［D］it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed
42.By saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”,the author means that .
［A］observers are taking a waitandsee attitude towards the future of euthanasia
［B］there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U.S. and Canada
［C］observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure
［D］the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop
43.When Lloyd Nickson is close to death,he will .
［A］undergo a cooling off period of seven days
［B］experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
［C］have an intense fear of terrible suffering
［D］face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia
44.What is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?
［A］Hostile. ［B］Suspicious. ［C］Approving. ［D］Indifferent.
45.We can infer from the text that the author believes the success of the right-to-die movement is .
［A］ only a matter of time ［B］ far from certain
［C］ just an illusion ［D］ a shattered hope
Text 2
The Internet raises major issues and challenges for education,not just in China but all over the world. Yet it simply cannot be ignored in terms of the opportunities and resources that it can offer.
We can divide the main issues facing education systems into three groups—access,quality and responsibility.Let us consider the Internet in relation to each of them.
First,access.Through the Internet,practically the whole world can be brought into your classroom.Using email makes it possible to have a class whose members are spread all over the world and who may never meet either the teacher or each other face to face. It can put students in different countries in easy contact.
The information resources available are almost limitless. With the Internet,students and teachers can access the wisdom,experience,skills,and even guidance of others in a way that was only possible for a very privileged few.
Next,quality.The Internet does pose serious problems of quality for education systems. Obviously,there is a lot of material on the Internet that no one would want children or students to have uncontrolled access to,but there are other problems which are very difficult to solve.
The first is how to handle the sheer quantity of information available,and how to make it manageable.
Because anyone can put information on the Internet,and there are no limits on quantity,it can be almost impossible to find exactly the information that one wants.Teachers and students cannot afford to waste time on unsuccessful searching.
How can we identify the information which will be most useful without overloading ourselves and our students with unnecessary information?How do we select the best information from all that is available?
This raises the issue of responsibility.There are few editors or quality controllers on the Internet.The ultimate responsibility for selection and judgment falls to the users, whether teachers or students.Teachers,and still less students,are not experts in every field;what we select may not be what we really want,perhaps is old, even wrong.
Any profession must take some collective responsibility in resolving these problems.Conscious and deliberate efforts have to be made to share information between teachers about useful sites and about the best way to use them.
Those who have found something useful or of high quality should not keep the information to themselves,but share it as widely as possible.
There are many professional discussion groups active on the Internet which aim to do this.Access to them by teachers should be actively encouraged.This will require investment by institutions in giving easy access to the Internet and email to all teachers.Without this investment,educators—and ultimately students—will be deprived of a vital resource for the development of education in the future.
46.With which of the following statements would the author be least likely to agree?
［A］The Internet provides us with perfect educational information.
［B］The Internet provides us with limitless resources.
［C］We can obtain the latest information from foreign countries through the Internet.
［D］The information on the Internet is no longer available only for a few people.
47.The author’s attitude towards a large quantity of information on the Net is .
［A］satisfied ［B］indifferent ［C］furious ［D］worried
48.The text implies that .
［A］professional people should pick out proper information from the Internet for schools
［B］professional people should instruct teachers and students to use the Internet
［C］educators should be active in using computers
［D］educators should have their own email addresses
49.The word “institutions”(in Para.12) probably refers to .
［A］communities ［B］governments
［C］schools ［D］researching groups
50.What is mainly discussed in the text?
［A］The online information for school teaching.
［B］Some problems of the Internet use.
［C］Who is responsible for the Internet safety.
Text 3
In the late years of the nineteenth century, “capital”and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many old firms were replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.It was moreover a step away from individual initiative,towards collectivism and municipal and stateowned business.The railway companies,though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders,were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting,trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century,America,Africa,India,Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital,and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to large house “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes,and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management.On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives,thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares,and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands,but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business.Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible.Fortunately,however,the increasing power and organization of the trade unions,at least in all skilled trades,enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.The cruel discipline of the strike and lookout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
51.The author says that old family firms .
［A］were ruined by the younger generations
［B］failed for lack of individual initiative
［C］lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
［D］were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers
52.The growth of limited liability companies resulted in .
［A］the separation of capital from management
［B］the ownership of capital by managers
［C］the emergence of capital and labour as two classes
［D］the participation of shareholders in land ownership
53.The text indicates that .
［A］some countries developed quickly because of the emergence of the limited liability company
［B］the tide of industralisation would widely benefit British shareholders greatly
［C］shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British economy
［D］the system of shareholding impaired the management of modern companies
54.We learn from the text that .
［A］shareholders often cast negative influence on the well-being of workers
［B］owners of traditional firms enjoyed a good relationship with their employees
［C］limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly
［D］trade unions had a positive role on workers and the management
55.The author appears to be very critical of .
［A］family firm owners ［B］shareholders
［C］managers ［D］landowners
Text 4
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each goods and services should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: parentage, religion, and custom fix every person’s place within the economic system. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
56.What is the main purpose of the passage?
［A］To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
［B］To explain the science of economics.
［C］To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
［D］To compare barter and moneyexchange markets.
57.In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by which of the following?
［A］High quality.
［B］Concrete.
［C］Utter.
［D］Authentic.
58.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to .
［A］rapid speed of transactions
［B］misunderstandings
［C］inflation
［D］difficulties for the traders
59.According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?
［A］Individual.
［B］Small businesses.
［C］Major corporations.
［D］The government.
60.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person’s place in a traditional society?
［A］Family background.
［B］Age.
［C］Religious belief.
［D］Custom.
Part B
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or another.
Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency.61) Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted.
Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside? 62) The most obvious answer is that because of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come.
However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business. If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong?
Computers have many uses, varying form pure accounting or back office systems to stock or production control, or computeraided design or manufacturing. 63) In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business.
The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers has been theft.
64) Initially the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no backups of date or programs. The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock-down plates or cables. 65) However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. This led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes
Section Ⅳ Writing
66. Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies are still claiming that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.
There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.
Write an essay to the newspaper
1) criticizing the view of the tobacco company and
2) justifying you stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the provided in the pictures printed below.
